Whether municipalities may decide the scope of coverage in their housing codes depends on whether the code is enacted at the state or municipal level, and if there is a state code, whether that code allows for deviation. Some housing codes only apply to certain types of rental housing, such as multifamily dwellings. Under a deterrence model, the code enforcement agency levies increasingly severe fines and other sanctions against building owners, and treats these as incentives to encourage compliance. Under a facilitative model, the code enforcement agency focuses on supporting the building owner in getting repairs made, which emphasis on flexibility. There are two primary models of housing code enforcement: facilitative enforcement and deterrence-based enforcement. Some housing codes also authorize criminal sanctions in the event of willful or intentional noncompliance. Some jurisdictions specify a maximum cap on financial penalties. Financial penalties are often issued on a daily rate, with penalties accumulating for each day of noncompliance. The amounts of the penalties usually accord with the severity of the violations, with higher financial penalties provided for violations more seriously affecting health and safety. Owners are typically provided notice and a time period to make repairs before financial penalties are issued.
The codes set forth a schedule of financial penalties for violations of the code. Housing codes typically authorize a local administrative agency, such as a department of housing or health, to oversee compliance through a variety of enforcement mechanisms. It is generally considered the obligation of the landlord to achieve compliance, although tenants are also usually required to maintain the premises in a clean condition and to refrain from causing damage to fixtures, appliances, and systems. Standards also typically include requirements for facilities such as kitchens and bathrooms. These include, for example, minimum levels of heat, requirements for the provision of plumbing and hot water, and prohibitions of rodents and insect infestations. Housing codes set the minimum standards for the conditions of rental properties through a lengthy list of highly specific provisions. Housing codes are typically enacted at the municipal level, although codes have also been adopted at the state level, such as in Massachusetts and California. Building codes provide minimal standards for building features such as structural integrity (the supporting structure), mechanical integrity (including sanitation, water supply, light, and ventilation), means of egress, fire prevention and control, and energy conservation. The main purpose of building codes is to protect the public from the health and safety risks posed by improperly constructed buildings. Building codes set the standards for the design and construction of buildings. Some jurisdictions refer to them as property maintenance codes or sanitation codes, but their functions are the same. Housing codes set minimum standards for housing conditions that all rental housing, new or existing, must meet to protect the health of residents. You cannot purchase a 30-day unlimited pass.Housing and building codes are usually comprehensive and authorize departments and agencies to take enforcement action against threats to the collective health or welfare of a community. You may be able to add value for Pay-Per-Ride fares or a 7-day unlimited pass. The card will not work after the expiration date. The expiration date of your Fair Fares NYC MetroCard is printed on the back of your card. How long can i use my fair fares nyc metrocard?
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